Keep in mind that the best option for you will depend on your specific needs, skill level, and operating system.
Often called the open-source Lightroom clone, Darktable offers a non-destructive editing workflow and a virtual lighttable for organizing images. lightroom portable 32 bits
Lightroom defaults to generating massive previews. In the Import dialog, set to "Minimal & Embedded." This stops the software from trying to decode huge RAW files immediately. Keep in mind that the best option for
GIMP is the best cross-platform open-source photo editor available. Originally developed for Linux, GIMP now runs on Windows (including 32-bit versions) and offers a comprehensive set of tools that rivals commercial software. While GIMP is more analogous to Photoshop than Lightroom in its approach (destructive editing by default), it includes RAW processing capabilities through plugins and supports layers, masks, and a full range of color correction tools. In the Import dialog, set to "Minimal & Embedded
: Versions like Lightroom 5.x were the last to officially support 32-bit Windows. Users on these systems are limited to roughly 1GB of RAM usage by the app itself, regardless of total system memory.