The most debated aspect of IEC 60076-5 is how a manufacturer proves a transformer is "short-circuit proof." The standard allows two main paths:

High fault currents interact with internal magnetic leakage fields.

: The transformer typically undergoes a series of nine short-circuit applications (three per phase) with specified fault durations (usually 0.25 to 0.5 seconds).

Engineers rely on 3D electromagnetic simulations to identify high-stress areas in the winding assembly before manufacturing begins.