Holding patterns keep aircraft safely contained within a designated block of airspace while waiting for ATC clearance. Volume 3 provides strict criteria for:
National civil aviation authorities (such as the FAA, EASA, or CAA) utilize Doc 8168 Volume 3 to align their domestic regulations with ICAO standards. It forms the baseline for auditing airline training programs and operational manuals. Conclusion icao doc 8168 volume 3